今天来给大家介绍一下考研英语（二）阅读理解的一大题型——词汇含义题。

顾名思义，该题型的考察方式是：提问文章中的某个词汇、短语或者句子的在文中的含义。此处必须提醒，这些词有的是考纲词汇，有的是超纲的词汇和句子。

真题：The“borderline passing” (line 3, paragraph 3) probably means . (2007 passage 4第58题)

解题思路：

1. 排除单词或句子的字面意思

2. 判断句子与上下文的逻辑关系

3. 一般情况，为上下文的同义词或是反义词

4. 选项中找同义词或反义词，然后代入原文理解

正确答案的特点：

段落某个句子的同义替换或反义替换，而且答案是段落的重复。错误答案的特点：该类选项往往是对该句子常识性的理解，是字面意思。

时间到7月中旬，同学们复习的节奏肯定会有所不同，因此老师也给大家整理了两种不同的解题思路。那接下来我们分别以“实力型选手”和“考试型选手”的视角来做一做真题。

【实例1】A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio” birds of passage.

26. “birds of passage” refers to those who A. stay in a foreign country temporarilyB. leave their home countries for goodC. immigrate across the AtlanticD. find permanent jobs overseas

26. “birds of passage”指的是哪些人 A. 在外国待很短的时间B. 永远地离开他们的祖国C. 横穿大西洋移民D. 在国外找永久的工作

方法一：实力型选手做题

先阅读题干，题干意思为：“birds of passage”指的是哪些人。回归到原文，可以根据最后一句话了解，birds of passage 指的是前面的they, they对应的文章理解就可以知道是答案是A。

方法二：考试型选手做题

看选项猜题，A和B是反义，B和D是同义句。如果选项中对应有两个同义句，那么肯定都不是答案，B和D同义，排除；如果对应有反义句，则其中一个必定是答案，A和B&D为反义，因此此题答案为A。

【实例2】Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

26. The word “plummeting”(line 3，para 2) is closest in meaning to .A. changingB. stabilizingC. risingD. falling

26. 单词“plummeting”词义最接近以下哪个单词：A. 变化B. 平稳C. 上升D. 下降

方法一：实力型选手做题

本题通过plummeting之后的单词price找到解题线索，描述可再生能源价格方面的词，从后文中The cost of solar panels has drop by 80 percent...“太阳能板的价格下降了80%”，得知可再生能源等的价格是下降的，drop是plummet的同义替换，所以选D。

方法二：考试型选手做题

看选项猜题，A选项包括C和D，排除抽象留具体，排除A，留下C和D，且C和D互为反义，答案肯定是其中之一。本段第一句话由growth判断出是在描述上升，从第二句的第一个单词but看出转折对立的语气，因此选D。

接下来这个真题，同学们不妨动手试一试：以上方法任选一，也可二者结合。

【实例3】Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim(the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power.“My whole motto（座右铭）was 'Start small, think big, and have fun',” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side.”

41. The word “techies” probably refers to those who are .A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology

【答案】B

首先看题目看选项：

A.害怕科技；B.擅长科技；C.忽略科技；D.不擅长科技。

B选项为正面的词，其余皆为负面的词，因此选B。

参考以上词汇题真题，同学们应该不难看出，词汇题难度系数较低，得分关键在于平日的词汇积累和考试时的胆大心细。

其实人跟树是一样的，越是向往高处的阳光，它的树根就越要伸向黑暗的地底。支撑我们上岸的肥沃土壤便是词汇。希望同学们能不忘基本功，习得新技巧。也祝同学们积得了跬步，功亦不唐捐。下期再会。